Ancient notions of race as biology do not match reality

Evidence

But this is not all, since antiracist theory, up until recently at least (see Gillborn, 1995), also consistently failed to conceptualize and address adequately the increasing articulation of new “cultural racisms,” where “race” as a signifier is transmuted into the seemingly more acceptable discourse of “cultural differences” (cf. Rattansi, 1992, 1999; Short and Carrington, 1999). — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 901

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Race is a social reduction to sheer force, not a natural trait — Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer, Dialectic of Enlightenment, 124; Racial categories capture only 7% of human genetic variation — Joseph Henrich, The Secret of Our Success: How Culture…, 315; Races are produced by racism, not by biology — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 76 (+4 more)