Rising uncertainty across identity boundaries amplifies and sharpens collective violence

Evidence

Violence generally increases, and becomes more salient, in situations of rising uncertainty across the boundary (Gould 2003). It increases because people respond to threats against weighty social arrangements they have built on such boundaries—social arrangements such as exploitation of others, property rights, in-group marriage, and power over local government. It becomes more salient among all interactions because existing nonviolent routines lose their guarantees of payoff. — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 775

Categorization

• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 775
• XREF: connects to: Collective violence nearly always activates a we-they boundary from among multiple available identities — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 769; Entrepreneurship, polarization, and rising uncertainty drive violence escalation across a boundary — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 773; Group isolation produces collective misperception and redirected violence against outsiders (+7 more)

Broader Connections

• Uncertainty alone does not cause violent extremism without moderating factors #qualifies (0.88) — Lea Echelmeyer, Anne-Marie Slotboom, and Frank Weerman, The Putative Effect of Identity on…, 231
• Entrepreneurship, polarization, and rising uncertainty drive violence escalation across a boundary #corroborates (0.85) — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 773
• Threat-driven cognitive biases facilitate and justify intergroup violence #expands (0.80) — Walter G. Stephan, Oscar Ybarra, Kimberly Rios Morrison, Intergroup Threat Theory, 380
• Personality traits moderate the link between uncertainty and political violence #qualifies (0.78) — Lea Echelmeyer, Anne-Marie Slotboom, and Frank Weerman, The Putative Effect of Identity on…, 267
• Collective violence nearly always activates a we-they boundary from among multiple available identities #qualifies (0.75) — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 769
• Personal uncertainty, perceived injustice, and group threat jointly drive radicalization #expands (0.75) — Lea Echelmeyer, Anne-Marie Slotboom, and Frank Weerman, The Putative Effect of Identity on…, 267
• Ingroup identification causally precedes intergroup threat #complicates (0.75) — Blake M. Riek, Eric W. Mania, and Samuel L. Gaertner, Intergroup Threat and Outgroup Attitudes, 151
• Antagonism is an ever-present possibility inherent to collective identity formation #qualifies (0.73) — Chantal Mouffe, The Democratic Paradox, 65
• Group isolation produces collective misperception and redirected violence against outsiders #expands (0.72)
• Reductive collective labels invent false identities and mobilize murderous conflict #exemplifies (0.72) — Edward W. Said, Orientalism, 48