Racism varies across a spectrum of distinct configurations rather than being one fixed phenomenon.

Evidence

“There is not merely a single invariant racism but a number of racisms, forming a broad, open spectrum of situations.” Racism, then, can be as unique as any virus or, as Balibar puts it,“a determinate racist configuration has no fixed frontiers; it is a stage in a development which its own latent potentialities, as well as historical circumstances and the relations of force within the social formation, will shunt around within the spectrum of possible racisms.” — Eve M. Troutt Powell, A Different Shade of Colonialism_…, 97

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to broader postcolonial theory debates and to how Egyptians framed race toward Sudanese in this same book. — connects to: Racism against Africans and anti-Semitism follow distinct psychological dynamics rooted in status perceptions. — Susan T. Fiske et al., A Model of (Often Mixed) Stereotype…, 305; Racisms against distinct groups blend and combine without fixed borders.; Racist discourse varies by context of production, not only by underlying beliefs — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1071