Racial regimes differ in whether coercion is overt or ideological.

Evidence

Again, imposition may be more or less violent, more or less coercive, more or less subtle. Coercion is more the former in the case of naturalist racial regimes, sustained principally by repressive apparatuses, while more the latter in historicist ones, reproduced largely by ideological and discursive apparatuses though underpinned always by the threat of repressive violence. — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1713