Old and modern racism differ mainly in post hoc justification, not in kind.

Evidence

As Billig ( 1991 ) argues, ‘the distinction between “old-fashioned” and “modern racism” may not always be a distinction in kind, but may refl ect an ability to provide justifi cations, often post hoc , for views and positions’ (p. 134). — Cristian Tileagă, The Nature of Prejudice, 219

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the dissonance literature and to how people rationalize stereotypes after the fact — echoes the earlier chapter’s framing of prejudice’s flexibility. — connects to: Symbolic racism is empirically distinct from old-fashioned racism. — Christopher Tarman and David O. Sears, The Conceptualization and Measurement…, 193

Related

• Symbolic racism differs from traditional prejudice only in measurement, not theory (similarity 0.83)
• Symbolic racism is empirically distinct from old-fashioned racism. (similarity 0.82)
• Scholars dispute whether new racism is genuinely distinct from old racial prejudice (similarity 0.81)
• Old-fashioned racism gave way to subtler forms that still shape political outcomes (similarity 0.81)
• Racism persists today as egalitarian values mixed with racial animus (similarity 0.80)
• Old-fashioned racism weakly predicts politics; symbolic racism strongly does (similarity 0.79)
• Racism shows natural affinity with anti-modern emotions (similarity 0.79)
• Modern racial prejudice has four coherent measurement themes distinct from old-fashioned racism (similarity 0.79)
• Standard racism measures strip away prejudice’s rhetorical complexity (similarity 0.79)
• Symbolic racism now dominates older forms of racial prejudice in American politics (similarity 0.78)