Institutional racism would persist even if individual racism vanished

Evidence

As the Kerner Report of 1968 explained, “What White Americans have never fully understood - but what the Negro can never forget — is that white society is deeply implicated in the ghetto. White institutions created it, white institutions maintain it, and white society condones it” (National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, 1968:2). This remains true today. The ghetto represents institutional racism, that is to say, a racism that is enshrined in the social fabric and that would continue to exist even if the antiblack racism of individuals would cease tomorrow. — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 2388 (#expands, via linked claim)

Closely related is the possibility that biased behavior occurs because a group is regarded as unlikely to respond to intervention. Consider the suit of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People against the New York City Board of Education that charged that black and hispanic problem children were routinely assigned to special schools, yet white children with similar problems were helped in their own schools. … NAACP suggests an instance in which the combined preferences of individual teachers results in institutional racism. — Michael Lipsky, Street-Level Bureaucracy, 815 (#complicates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Racial exclusion persists through institutions while personal relations integrate — David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race: Reflections on…, 909; When overt racism is socially shed, its institutional force persists across all mapped regions — David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race: Reflections on…, 1906; Institutional legacies persist after the conditions that produced them vanish — Anna M. Grzymala-Busse, Redeeming The Communist Past: The…, 106 (+15 more)

Broader Connections

• Institutional racism can persist without any individual racists #expands (1.00) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 2388
• Aggregated individual worker preferences can produce systemic institutional racism. #complicates (0.80) — Michael Lipsky, Street-Level Bureaucracy, 815
• Multiculturalism and institutional racism can coexist simultaneously #complicates (0.70)