Group-level frustration explains when scapegoating starts but not who gets blamed.

Evidence

The theories outlined above suggest that group-level frustrations create shared attributions and appraisals that, in turn, lead to scapegoating. They effectively address Allport’s first criticism (that not all frustrations lead to scapegoating), but not the other questions Allport asked: Why are innocent groups targeted? Why is aggression ever displaced? How are scapegoats chosen? Are scapegoats always defenseless and vulnerable? — John F. Dovidio, Peter Glick, Laurie A. Rudman, On the Nature of Prejudice, 1583

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Scapegoating requires large shared frustrations plus a blaming ideology. — Leonard S. Newman and Ralph Erber (eds.), Understanding Genocide: The Social…, 794; Frustrated basic needs drive groups to scapegoat others for destructive fulfillment. — Leonard S. Newman and Ralph Erber (eds.), Understanding Genocide: The Social…, 79