Existing anti-Muslim discrimination scales omit institutionalized forms of discrimination

Evidence

The PRDS measures various forms of anti-Muslim discrimination, behavioral modifications in response to discrimination, and bicultural identification with Iraqis and Afghans (Rippy and Newman, 2008). Items concerning discrimination in this scale include news media reports regarding Muslims (“Have you ever heard Muslims referred to as the “enemy” in the media (newspaper, television, films, or by radio commentators)?”) and mistreatment of Muslims (“Have fellow Americans ever kept their physical distance from you because of the fact you were Muslim?”) (Rippy and Newman, 2008). The PRDS captures some forms of discrimination applicable to the Muslim American experience, but not all, specifically the range of institutionalized anti-Muslim discrimination (e.g. government surveillance, employment discrimination). — Naheed Ahmed, Measurement of Perceived Interpersonal…, 16

Categorization

• XREF: Directly informs any measurement or survey design work on discrimination, prejudice, or identity in the US.
• DEFINE: Explains what the PRDS measures and, crucially, its coverage gaps for Muslim Americans.