Europe’s anti-Islam polemics stagnated after the thirteenth century

Evidence

The main attack on Islam was already determined in the thirteenth century. The Christian champions were convinced, not only of the truth, but of the best method to convey it, beyond any possibility of reviewing the force of their arguments. This is most apparent in their treatment of the Qur’an. Ricoldo tells us that as often as he read it, he placed it upon the altar, and indignantly demanded of God that He read what it said. — Norman Daniel, Islam and the West, 382 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: An established anti-Islamic literature existed in the West by 1350; European anti-Muslim polemic images persisted virtually unchanged from medieval to modern eras; After 1300 Europe reused old anti-Islam polemics rather than forging new ones (+11 more)

Broader Connections

• Anti-Islamic polemic froze into its framework by the thirteenth century #corroborates (0.95) — Norman Daniel, Islam and the West, 382
• Medieval anti-Islamic polemic circulated as a living shared tradition #complicates (0.78)