After 1300 Europe reused old anti-Islam polemics rather than forging new ones

Evidence

The ideological responses to Islam that I examine in this book were redeployed countless times in medieval and modern Europe. Europeans would not again expend the same intellectual effort against Islam as did their forbears to explain, refute, convert. Rather, the intellectual weapons forged in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries were reused, anthologized, translated, published. Petrus Alfonsi’s attack on Islam found its way into the encyclopedic Speculum historiale of Vincent of Beauvais; thirteenthcentury Dominican minister general Humbert of Romans recommended it as required reading for those who preached the Crusades, and numerous fourteenthand fifteenth-century authors reused it. — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 1356 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Christian anti-Islamic polemic stayed medieval in method until the 1700s.; European anti-Muslim polemic images persisted virtually unchanged from medieval to modern eras; Europe’s anti-Islam polemics stagnated after the thirteenth century (+10 more)

Broader Connections

• Europe’s anti-Islam polemics stagnated after the thirteenth century #corroborates (1.00)
• Europe stopped producing new anti-Islamic thought and recycled medieval polemics instead #corroborates (1.00)
• Europe’s anti-Islamic polemic arsenal was forged by 1300 and merely reused after #corroborates (1.00) — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 1356
• Thirteenth-century anti-Islamic polemics were still recycled by Luther and later eras #complicates (0.80) — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 63
• Islam menaced Europe more in 1600 yet mattered less intellectually than in 1000 #complicates (0.80) — R. W. Southern, Western Views of Islam in the Middle…, 71
• Medieval theological justification for opposing Muslims has faded in Europe. #complicates (0.75) — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 88