An established anti-Islamic literature existed in the West by 1350

Evidence

When Martin Luther sought to combat the religion of the “Turk,” he did so by approving the printing of Latin texts from the twelfth century (including the earliest translation of the Koran) and by translating Riccoldo da Montecroce into German. The thirteenth century saw the crystallization of European images of Islam that were to endure (with minor variations) into the seventeenth century—and in some respects into the twentieth. — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 63 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

San Pedro had some doubts about the Maurus legend but felt sure that episodes told by ibn Ishaq (the delay in revelation over the Seven Sleepers of Ephesus and the accusation by the Quraysh that Muhammad had a foreign teacher) implied the substantial truth of the main point of it. — Norman Daniel, Islam and the West, 2044 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: The Western view of Islam was fixed by 1350 and persists today; The Western canon of Islam was fixed by 1350 and endured for centuries. — Norman Daniel, Islam and the West, 1535; Reformation-era anti-Islamic polemic drew on medieval translations and texts — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 1355 (+11 more)

Related

• Thirteenth-century anti-Islamic polemics were still recycled by Luther and later eras (similarity 0.89)
• The Western view of Islam was fixed by 1350 and persists today (similarity 0.88)
• Reformation-era anti-Islamic polemic drew on medieval translations and texts (similarity 0.85)
• Thirteenth-century anti-Muslim tropes endured into the twentieth century unchanged (similarity 0.85)
• Anti-Islamic polemic froze into its framework by the thirteenth century (similarity 0.85)
• Vituperative anti-Islamic polemic persisted into the 1780s and 1790s. (similarity 0.85)
• Western anti-Muslim writing from 1400 to 1900 recycled medieval images (similarity 0.85)
• Informed medieval polemicists still clung to untenable anti-Muslim fables (similarity 0.83)
• Renaissance scholarship long coexisted with unrevised medieval views of Islam. (similarity 0.83)
• False statements about Islam persisted for centuries because community good seemed to require them (similarity 0.83)
• The Western canon on Islam outlived religious unity and the Reformation itself. (similarity 0.83)
• Medieval polemicists used Muslim sources to validate anti-Muslim legends (similarity 0.83)
• Medieval anti-Islamic polemic circulated as a living shared tradition (similarity 0.83)
• The Western canon of Islam was fixed by 1350 and endured for centuries. (similarity 0.82)
• Medieval authors mislabelled Islamic Christian and Jewish influences as heretical sects (similarity 0.82)

Broader Connections

• Anti-Muslim rhetoric was founded in the Middle Ages and persists into today #corroborates (0.97)
• Thirteenth-century anti-Islamic polemics were still recycled by Luther and later eras #corroborates (0.95) — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 63
• Medieval polemicists used Muslim sources to validate anti-Muslim legends #corroborates (0.91) — Norman Daniel, Islam and the West, 2044
• The Western view of Islam was fixed by 1350 and persists today #complicates (0.90)
• Reformation-era anti-Islamic polemic drew on medieval translations and texts #corroborates (0.90) — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 1355
• Anti-Islamic polemic froze into its framework by the thirteenth century #contradicts (0.90) — Norman Daniel, Islam and the West, 382
• Medieval depictions of Islam as heresy served to justify violence and resist conversion #corroborates (0.90) — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 139
• Europe’s anti-Islam polemics stagnated after the thirteenth century #contradicts (0.90)
• Scholarship on medieval anti-other imagery has neglected Muslims #complicates (0.88)
• Reading medieval anti-Jewish and anti-Muslim acts as Holocaust or colonial precursors distorts them #complicates (0.87)
• Medieval anti-Islamic polemic circulated as a living shared tradition #corroborates (0.85)
• Western racism originated in fifteenth-century anti-Islamic and anti-Jewish animus #complicates (0.85) — Junaid Rana, Terrifying Muslims, 334
• Western literary genres displaced traditional Islamic forms across the whole region #complicates (0.82)
• The Western canon of Islam was fixed by 1350 and endured for centuries. #qualifies (0.80) — Norman Daniel, Islam and the West, 1535