Black Baptist agitation forced limited structural concessions from white-dominated mission schools

Evidence

African Americans waged power struggles in all of the schools established by the northern white Protestant denominations, but Baptists suffered the greatest dissension. In 1872 black ministers in Virginia demanded that the ABHMS hire black teachers at the Richmond Institute. In South Carolina Edward M. Brawley, while on the faculty at Benedict Institute, agitated vociferously for more black teachers and repudiated the school’s white president, Charles Becker, for his racial chauvinism. In 1883 the ABHMS quieted the clamor at Benedict by establishing an interracial board of trustees. — Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, Righteous Discontent, 255

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Reading white missionary efforts only as racist paternalism erases Black leaders’ agency — Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, Righteous Discontent: The Women’s…, 436; White missionary schools accommodated southern segregation to court white support — Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, Righteous Discontent: The Women’s…, 254; The civil rights struggle depended on black-specific institutions white schools could not have hosted (+5 more)

Broader Connections

• Black Baptist separatism escalated only after white control blocked black inclusion. #expands (0.85) — Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, Righteous Discontent, 246
• Black congregations funded white-run colleges yet still lost control over where support went #expands (0.82) — Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, Righteous Discontent, 291
• The civil rights struggle depended on black-specific institutions white schools could not have hosted #corroborates (0.78)
• White mission aid treated blacks as both mission field and threat to national order #qualifies (0.75) — Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, Righteous Discontent, 528
• Freed Black southerners organized their own schooling rather than defer to White missionaries #expands (0.72) — Ibram X. Kendi, Stamped from the Beginning, 634