Denied inclusion within white institutions deepened black Baptist separatism

Evidence

In the 1880s blacks grew to resent the American Baptist Home Mission Society’s policies and denounced what they believed to be racism and paternalism in the society’s educational and publication work. Southern black colleges represented sites of intense racial contestation. Black Baptists challenged white domination of colleges and universities on the ground that the growing number of educated black leaders merited greater representation in faculty and administrative positions. When their demand for inclusion in the white-controlled schools met resistance, their cry for racial separatism heightened. Racial tensions mounted further when black Baptist state conventions established their own secondary schools and colleges. Increasingly blacks perceived themselves to be a constituency with interests opposed to those of whites. — Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, Righteous Discontent, 247

Categorization

• XREF: Rejection-then-separatism dynamic parallels patterns seen elsewhere in the reader’s corpus on how blocked integration hardens ‘own institutions’ strategies. — connects to: White Baptist exclusion over slavery drove black Baptists to form their own national convention — Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, Righteous Discontent: The Women’s…, 44; Black Baptists were the largest black institution countering American racial exclusion. — Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, Righteous Discontent: The Women’s…, 57; Black Baptists policed cultural difference from white middle-class norms as retrogressive — Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, Righteous Discontent: The Women’s…, 918 (+12 more)

Broader Connections

• Black institutions arose because white supremacy excluded blacks from civic life #expands (0.88) — Eddie S. Glaude Jr., Democracy in Black, 342
• Denominational white control pushed college-educated blacks toward separatism #expands (0.83) — Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, Righteous Discontent, 283
• Race consciousness alone, not doctrine, drove black Baptists’ separate identity from whites #complicates (0.80) — Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, Righteous Discontent, 248
• White churches tolerated black presence in outreach roles but panicked at black worship participation #exemplifies (0.78) — Robert P. Jones, White Too Long, 157
• The civil rights struggle depended on black-specific institutions white schools could not have hosted #exemplifies (0.75)
• Black separatist theater rejected white inclusion as an artistic and political aim #exemplifies (0.72) — J. Hoberman, Everything Is Now, 1505