American-born Muslim women are assaulted for being recognizably Muslim

Evidence

Private citizens also participate in surveilling Muslim women for offending American cultural values when they wear the hijab in public. They are often told to “go back home” by their fellow citizens, an act that contests their claim to an American identity. Muslim women have to defend wearing the hijab to strangers who feel empowered to approach them and question them about their American values. They often have to explain to people that wearing the hijab is a choice—­rather than something forced upon them—­in order to dismiss the assumption that they are oppressed by their faith (Gjelten 2016). — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 77 (#expands, via linked claim)

Categorization

• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim
• XREF: connects to: Muslim women alter dress and demeanor to counter surveillance-based stereotypes.; Muslims in the United States endure discrimination in their everyday lives — Evelyn Alsultany, Antisemitism and Islamophobia The…, 32; Muslim women alter their dress in response to fellow citizens’ surveillance, not male oppression (+11 more)

Related

• Private citizens surveil hijab-wearing women and challenge their American identity (similarity 0.93)
• The hijab marks Muslim women instantly and provokes hostile public encounters (similarity 0.90)
• Private citizens surveil hijabi women and recast their dress as un-American (similarity 0.89)
• Muslim women alter their dress in response to fellow citizens’ surveillance, not male oppression (similarity 0.89)
• Citizens surveil hijabi women for supposedly violating American values (similarity 0.89)
• Wearing the hijab shifts how Muslim women are racially perceived and treated (similarity 0.87)
• Surveillance pressure to represent an entire collective erodes hijabi women’s individuality (similarity 0.87)
• Women alter dress to escape the citizen gaze, not male oppression (similarity 0.87)
• Muslim women treat public behavior as a duty to represent Islam favorably. (similarity 0.85)
• Muslim women’s bodies are the first site of state policing in Islamophobic societies (similarity 0.85)
• Hijab-wearing women are caught between self-surveillance and resistance. (similarity 0.85)
• The hijab signals foreignness so strongly it overrides ethnicity and skin tone (similarity 0.85)
• Fear of violence after terror attacks places hijab-wearing women under house arrest. (similarity 0.85)
• Muslim women perform their behavior and dress as self-discipline enacted by surveillance (similarity 0.85)
• Hijab-wearing women altered dress and demeanor under citizen surveillance (similarity 0.84)

Broader Connections

• The hijab marks Muslim women instantly and provokes hostile public encounters #expands (0.70)
• Citizens surveil hijabi women for supposedly violating American values #expands (0.60)
• Private citizens surveil hijab-wearing women and challenge their American identity #expands (0.60) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 77
• Wearing the hijab shifts how Muslim women are racially perceived and treated #corroborates (0.60)
• Muslim women alter dress and demeanor to counter surveillance-based stereotypes. #contradicts (0.50)
• Muslim women alter their dress in response to fellow citizens’ surveillance, not male oppression #expands (0.50)
• Gendered Islamophobia names discrimination targeting Muslim women #expands (0.50)
• Muslims in the United States endure discrimination in their everyday lives #expands (0.40) — Evelyn Alsultany, Antisemitism and Islamophobia The…, 32
• Hostile public scrutiny becomes internalized as the architecture of Muslim American identity #expands (0.40)
• Muslim women perform their behavior and dress as self-discipline enacted by surveillance #expands (0.40) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 486
• Muslim women are surveilled for cultural transgression while men are watched for terror potential #complicates (0.40) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 92
• Surveilled Muslim Americans internalize the state gaze through self-censure and modified dress #expands (0.40)
• Muslim women carry the burden of dismantling racialized myths through daily behavior #expands (0.40)
• Religious identity replaced ethnicity as the marker making Muslim Americans seen as anti-American #expands (0.30)