Fear of violence after terror attacks places hijab-wearing women under house arrest.

Evidence

Private citizens also participate in surveilling Muslim women for offending American cultural values when they wear the hijab in public. They are often told to “go back home” by their fellow citizens, an act that contests their claim to an American identity. Muslim women have to defend wearing the hijab to strangers who feel empowered to approach them and question them about their American values. They often have to explain to people that wearing the hijab is a choice—­rather than something forced upon them—­in order to dismiss the assumption that they are oppressed by their faith (Gjelten 2016). — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 77 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Just like state surveillance, Muslim surveillance by private citizens is gendered. Muslim women and Muslim men are subjected to surveillance for different reasons. Muslim American women who wear the hijab have their nationalities contested in very public ways, while Muslim American men are questioned through interactions with private citizens at work, school, or social gatherings when their identity as Muslim is made known. Women who wear the hijab are targets for public contestation because of the visibility of their religious identity. They have their cultural values questioned because of their choice to cover their hair. Their fellow citizens consider actions like wearing the hijab a foreign cultural threat to Western values. Muslim men are pigeonholed as potential terrorists once their religious identity is known. — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 347 (#responds-to, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Indian Islamophobia escalated into hijab bans, bulldozings, and detention camps — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 484; Rising Islamophobia drove many Muslim women to adopt the hijab in protest.; Hijab-wearing women self-impose house arrest out of safety fear — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 488 (+6 more)

Related

• Hijab-wearing women self-impose house arrest out of safety fear (similarity 0.91)
• Citizens surveil hijabi women for supposedly violating American values (similarity 0.88)
• Family members pressure hijabi women to remove the hijab out of fear (similarity 0.87)
• Private citizens surveil hijab-wearing women and challenge their American identity (similarity 0.87)
• Muslim women alter their dress in response to fellow citizens’ surveillance, not male oppression (similarity 0.86)
• Surveillance pressure to represent an entire collective erodes hijabi women’s individuality (similarity 0.86)
• Muslim men escape stranger harassment but women in hijabs do not (similarity 0.86)
• Private citizens surveil hijabi women and recast their dress as un-American (similarity 0.86)
• Hijab-wearing women are caught between self-surveillance and resistance. (similarity 0.85)
• Rising Islamophobia drove many Muslim women to adopt the hijab in protest. (similarity 0.85)
• Private citizens surveil Muslim women for cultural transgression and men for security threats (similarity 0.85)
• Hijab-wearing women altered dress and demeanor under citizen surveillance (similarity 0.85)
• American-born Muslim women are assaulted for being recognizably Muslim (similarity 0.85)
• Hijab-wearing Muslim women self-surveil under scrutiny while claiming agency through it (similarity 0.85)
• Some hijab-wearing women resist surveillance by reclaiming public space (similarity 0.84)

Broader Connections

• Private citizens surveil hijab-wearing women and challenge their American identity #corroborates (0.60) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 77
• Family members pressure hijabi women to remove the hijab out of fear #complicates (0.50)
• Citizen surveillance targets hijab-wearing women publicly but men privately as suspected terrorists #responds-to (0.50) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 347
• Muslim men escape stranger harassment but women in hijabs do not #responds-to (0.40)