Surveilled Muslim Americans internalize the state gaze through self-censure and modified dress

Evidence

It is impossible to ignore the enemy–friend binary. Attempts to move beyond it are always self-conscious; they produce a kind of double vision. In the very act of building their own communities and public identities, American Muslims must take into account the prejudices and expectations of an imagined, non-Muslim observer. As a result, new distinctions between Self and Other are constantly woven into Muslim American self-definitions. The irony of disciplinary inclusion is the extent to which it turns phobic and philic sentiments into the very architecture of identity formation. It constructs Muslim enemies even as (or precisely because) it stipulates the qualities of Muslim friends. Disciplinary inclusion encourages the Muslim friend to control and marginalize the Muslim enemy, a contest that unfolds in the Self, the family, the community, the nation-state, and the transregional diaspora. — Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ The Anatomy of…, 709 (#expands, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: State repression, not just culture, sustained American Islamophobia — Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ The Anatomy of…, 344; American-born Muslim women are assaulted for being recognizably Muslim; Performing Americanness forces Muslims to downplay or conceal their faith — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 343 (+20 more)

Related

• Surveillance causes Muslims to discipline their own behavior preemptively (similarity 0.88)
• Hostile public scrutiny becomes internalized as the architecture of Muslim American identity (similarity 0.87)
• Surveillance fear makes Muslims internalize discipline and self-police (similarity 0.85)
• Surveillance leads Muslims to police their own actions and dress (similarity 0.85)
• External surveillance becomes internalized self-discipline through dress choices (similarity 0.84)
• Muslim American men self-silence politically out of fear of surveillance (similarity 0.84)
• Airports function as Foucault’s panopticon for Muslim Americans (similarity 0.82)
• Performing Americanness forces Muslims to downplay or conceal their faith (similarity 0.82)
• Women alter dress to escape the citizen gaze, not male oppression (similarity 0.82)
• Private citizens surveil Muslim religious practice as a threat to American values. (similarity 0.81)
• Muslim women perform their behavior and dress as self-discipline enacted by surveillance (similarity 0.81)
• The surveillance gaze denies Muslim Americans the psychological privileges of citizenship (similarity 0.81)
• Muslim women alter their dress in response to fellow citizens’ surveillance, not male oppression (similarity 0.81)
• Muslim men self-censor to avoid being associated with terrorism. (similarity 0.81)
• External surveillance becomes internalized as self-imposed bodily discipline (similarity 0.81)

Broader Connections

• Hostile public scrutiny becomes internalized as the architecture of Muslim American identity #corroborates (0.85)
• Muslim women alter dress and demeanor to counter surveillance-based stereotypes. #exemplifies (0.85)
• Anti-Muslim prejudice shapes Muslim-American identity formation from within #expands (0.80) — Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ The Anatomy of…, 709
• Most surveilled Muslim Americans respond with self-discipline rather than resistance #corroborates (0.75)
• Muslim American men self-silence politically out of fear of surveillance #exemplifies (0.70)
• Muslim women alter their dress in response to fellow citizens’ surveillance, not male oppression #complicates (0.70)
• The surveillance gaze denies Muslim Americans the psychological privileges of citizenship #expands (0.65)
• Airports function as panopticons where Muslim Americans self-police ordinary behaviors. #expands (0.65) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 323
• Fear of state detention and deportation corrodes Muslim Americans’ sense of citizenship #expands (0.60)
• Muslim inclusion in American civic life comes at the price of disciplined loyalty #expands (0.60)
• Airports function as Foucault’s panopticon for Muslim Americans #expands (0.60)