Theistic religious primes activate in-group identity while nontheistic ones activate universalism.

Evidence

Studies were included if they utilized a religious prime versus a control prime and administered at least one measure of prejudice as an outcome variable. Studies were excluded if the religious prime used terms from a religion different from the participants’ religious affiliation (e.g., Christian terms administered to Muslim participants) as the prime would not be self-relevant. Studies were also excluded if the religious prime referred to nontheistic religions (e.g., Buddhism) for two reasons. The number of such studies that fit the other inclusion criteria was limited to two studies and, since nontheistic religions emphasize universalism and tolerance, religious primes in such contexts may not change attitudes toward outgroups. Hence, we focused only on theistic religions to ensure that religious priming activated in-group identity rather than universalistic values. — Annetta Snell and Miron Zuckerman and Bonnie M. Le, Does Religious Priming Induce Greater…, 28

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the reader’s interest in religious in-group vs. universalistic framing — the same axis runs through the religious-ideology literature, e.g. religious identification vs. religious belief as distinct predictors of outgroup prejudice. — connects to: Religious primes influence even nonreligious people through mere cultural knowledge — Annetta Snell and Miron Zuckerman and Bonnie M. Le, Does Religious Priming Induce Greater…, 94; Intrinsic religion reflects in-group conformity, not reduced prejudice — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 2548; Nonconscious religious primes reliably affect believers but only inconsistently affect atheists. — Norenzayan, Ara, Big gods - how religion transformed…, 179 (+3 more)
• DEFINE: Clarifies the conceptual distinction between theistic religious primes (identity-activating) and nontheistic primes (universalism-activating), which is the load-bearing exclusion criterion.

Related

• Meta-analytic inclusion relied on self-relevant theistic primes to activate in-group identity. (similarity 0.90)
• Religious primes influence even nonreligious people through mere cultural knowledge (similarity 0.86)
• Religious priming affects nonreligious people too because secular worldviews retain religion’s legacy (similarity 0.84)
• Type of religious prime may not moderate prejudice outcomes (similarity 0.84)
• Strong religious identification predicts derogation of out-group members rather than anti-prejudice conviction. (similarity 0.83)
• Religious priming elevates prejudice against LGBT people and atheists beyond other targets. (similarity 0.83)
• Buddhist primes may reduce prejudice rather than increase it (similarity 0.82)
• Eastern religious primes reduce prejudice more than Western ones do (similarity 0.82)
• Religious priming produces real but small and sometimes unreliable effects (similarity 0.82)
• Religious primes vary in depth of awareness and mechanism of effect (similarity 0.81)
• Religious priming causally increases prejudice toward LGBT people and atheists (similarity 0.81)
• Religious devotion can prompt recategorizing one’s identity to all of humanity (similarity 0.81)
• Nonconscious religious primes reliably affect believers but only inconsistently affect atheists. (similarity 0.81)
• Intrinsic religion reflects in-group conformity, not reduced prejudice (similarity 0.80)
• Religion fuels prejudice against value-violating groups but restrains prejudice against racial groups. (similarity 0.80)

Broader Connections

• Religious devotion can prompt recategorizing one’s identity to all of humanity #contradicts (0.85) — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 2570
• Religious primes influence even nonreligious people through mere cultural knowledge #expands (0.80) — Annetta Snell and Miron Zuckerman and Bonnie M. Le, Does Religious Priming Induce Greater…, 94
• Nonconscious religious primes reliably affect believers but only inconsistently affect atheists. #qualifies (0.80) — Norenzayan, Ara, Big gods - how religion transformed…, 179
• Religious priming affects nonreligious people too because secular worldviews retain religion’s legacy #corroborates (0.78) — Annetta Snell and Miron Zuckerman and Bonnie M. Le, Does Religious Priming Induce Greater…, 93
• Intrinsic religion reflects in-group conformity, not reduced prejudice #corroborates (0.75) — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 2548
• Adopting a religious identity shifts the self from I to we and drives conformity. #corroborates (0.75) — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 911