The Western canon of Islam was fixed by 1350 and endured for centuries.

Evidence

Except for some shifts in emphasis, and for the increasing neglect of certain arguments, notably those defending the integrity of the text of the Scriptures, we may say that the views just summarised outline the Western ‘canon’ of what constitutes Islam. We are entitled to say that this canon was formed during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries and the earlier part of the fourteenth, by the absorption of Oriental, Byzantine and Mozarab traditions and, to a lesser extent, of experience. By the middle of the fourteenth century it was firmly established in Europe; and it was to continue into the future so powerfully as to aftect many generations, even up to the present day. — Norman Daniel, Islam and the West, 1535

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to Edward Said’s Orientalism thesis about Western knowledge of Islam being constructed rather than empirical. — connects to: An established anti-Islamic literature existed in the West by 1350; The Western canon on Islam outlived religious unity and the Reformation itself.; The Western view of Islam was fixed by 1350 and persists today