By 1200 Europe fixed its foundational Islam portrayals for centuries

Evidence

From the eighth century to the twelfth, Eastern Christian polemical views of Islam were imported to Spain, where they were reworked and brought to northern Europe. At the same time, the contrasting image of Islam as pagan idolatry was created by European chroniclers and poets. By the end of the twelfth century, European writers had created the essential portrayals of Islam that would be elaborated upon, reworked, and deployed for different purposes for centuries to come. — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 426

Categorization

• XREF: This specifies the historical endpoint where the trope library underlying the vault’s Anidjar/Aziz/Razack claims was fixed — a key genealogical milestone.