Structural racism operates beyond individual intentions and prejudice

Evidence

I use racism, rather than racists as actors, because it is well-understood that racism as part of the structure of politics and law may continue to have effects and maintain the racial status quo even with seemingly neutral or sympathetic human actors. — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 42

Categorization

• XREF: Agentless racism claim echoes Bonilla-Silva’s color-blind racism framework and matters for how Islamophobia can be racism without hateful individuals. — connects to: Reframing racism from personal sin to participatory structure shifts classroom inquiry.; Racism uses value hierarchies framed as natural to control and exploit — Rebecca A. Martusewicz, Jeff Edmundson, and John Lupinacci, EcoJustice Education: Toward Diverse,…, 1100; Environmental injustice persists without racist intent because bias is structurally embedded — David Schlosberg, Defining Environmental Justice:…, 221 (+8 more)
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 42