States enabling racial exclusion are violent even without direct enforcement

Evidence

It follows that racial conditions of life as we have come to experience them throughout modernity - the racial state in that broader sense of the term identified above - are inherently violent. So racial states in both their institutional and existential senses are not simply the exercise of power but equally states of violence. — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1741 (#expands, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: State violence against racialized populations recurs across centuries and continents — David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race: Reflections on…, 22; Private violence enforced segregation while the state declined to intervene.; Racialized neighborhood boundaries are violently enforced against Black and brown bodies — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 490 (+6 more)

Broader Connections

• Racial states are inherently violent, not merely exercises of power #expands (0.93) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1741