Private violence enforced segregation while the state declined to intervene.

Evidence

Later that night, ten rifle shots were fired through their kitchen door. Under the watch of the police, the crowds demonstrated for a month until the house was dynamited. The police officially noticed nothing. None of the firebombers or vigilantes were arrested, let alone prosecuted, even though they were known to the authorities. In 1957, the Myers obtained a private mortgage from a Black philanthropist and bought a house in the development Levittown, Pennsylvania. A few days after moving in with their children, the harassment started. A mob of 600 people attacked the house with rocks after a mail carrier went about announcing that a Black family had moved into the neighborhood. White neighbors set up a clubhouse next door to the Myers and subjected them to incessant harassment including prominently displaying of the Confederate flag and KKK symbols, blaring music, and burning crosses. Rocks continued to be thrown, smashing windows in the Myers’ home. The police were unwilling or unable to stop the terrorism. Eventually, after four years of this treatment, the Myers moved back to their African American neighborhood. — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 479 (#exemplifies, via linked claim)

The relation of exception is the relation of a ban. He who has been banned is not, in fact, simply set outside the law and made indifferent to it, but rather abandoned by it, that is, exposed and threatened on the threshold in which life and law, outside and inside, become indistinguishable” (28). — Peter Morey, Islamophobia and the Novel, 818 (#qualifies, via linked claim)

Pivotal court decisions, such as Brown v. Board of Education, and sweeping federal legislation, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1967, as well as many other lower-profile executive and judicial actions at the federal level and legislative actions at the state and local levels, ultimately eliminated official support for the two-caste system. … As profound as these changes were, they did not eliminate all discrimination or de facto segregation. But losing the active support of the political and legal systems ultimately forced changes in the nature of prejudice. — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 2165 (#expands, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Losing legal restrictive covenants forced segregationists to rely on private intimidation alone. — Kevin M. Kruse, White Flight: Atlanta and the Making of…, 134; Law punished those who integrated housing rather than those who attacked them. — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 475; The state’s ban abandons the banned person to violence rather than merely excluding them — Peter Morey, Islamophobia and the Novel, 818 (+7 more)

Broader Connections

• The state’s ban abandons the banned person to violence rather than merely excluding them #qualifies (0.95) — Peter Morey, Islamophobia and the Novel, 818
• States enabling racial exclusion are violent even without direct enforcement #corroborates (0.95)
• Ending state support for segregation changed the form of prejudice #expands (0.95) — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 2165
• Racial integration was enforced by mob violence while police looked away. #exemplifies (0.95) — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 479
• Southern states enforced segregation while ignoring Plessy’s equality requirement. #contradicts (0.90) — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 2959
• Segregationist groups paired private violence with public respectability campaigns #expands (0.90) — Kevin M. Kruse, White Flight, 137
• Law that excludes adversaries from fighting fails to restrain their violence #exemplifies (0.85) — Grégoire Chamayou, A Theory of the Drone, 1040
• Open violence destroyed segregationist groups while respectable homeowner politics thrived #complicates (0.85) — Kevin M. Kruse, White Flight, 138