Racism theories divide into ideology-focused and structural-inequality approaches

Evidence

This second notion itself has two approaches. First, there are those who emphasize racism as a specific form of ideology and who argue that there are a variety of historically specific racisms which refract the particular context in which they are formed and expressed. Second, there are those who see racism in such a way as to include both beliefs and practices which lead to the subordination of specific racialized groups. For many in this latter approach, evidence of the existence of racism is found in the patterns of racialized inequality described at the start of this chapter. Both of these approaches imply a difference between “individually oriented” notions, and those that are based on a “structural approach” (Goldberg, 1993: 92). — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1876

Categorization

• DEFINE: Maps the internal split within the multiple-racisms framework: ideology-first vs. inequality-first, individual vs. structural.
• XREF: connects to: Different racism constructs predict political outcomes unequally — John T. Jost and Jim Sidanius, Political Psychology: Key Readings, 3616; the MOC “The False Compass: How Racial Categories Reorder Bodies, Minds, and the Self”