Racial ideology arises from inequality interacting with positive ingroup identity, not outgroup hostility.

Evidence

This ideological process is the product of the confluence of social structural conditions (inequality and segregation) and the effects of long-standing group identities; that is, the ideological element in racial attitudes is a product of the interaction of inequality and ethnocentrism. As used here, the term ethnocentrism refers to a sense of positive ingroup distinctiveness and commitment (Van den Berghe, 1967; Williams, Dean, & Schuman, 1964) not emotional hostility toward an out-group. Together, these factors establish a set of group interests and motivate a particular direction for attitudes, beliefs, and interpretations. — John T. Jost and Jim Sidanius, Political Psychology, 3385

Categorization

• DEFINE: Reshapes ‘ethnocentrism’ from outgroup hatred to positive ingroup distinctiveness and commitment, a genuinely clarifying redefinition.
• QUESTION: If ethnocentrism means only positive ingroup commitment, what does that imply for theories that make outgroup hostility definitional to racial prejudice?