Race is the lived modality of class, affecting the whole class.

Evidence

Race is thus, also, the modality in which class is “lived,” the medium through which class relations are experienced, the form in which it is appropriated and “fought through.” This has consequences for the whole class, not specifically for its “racially defined” segment. It has consequences in terms of the internal fractioning and division within the working class which, among other ways, are articulated in part through race. … For racism is also one of the dominant means of ideological representation through which the white fractions of the class come to “live” their relations to other fractions, and through them to capital itself. — Hall, Stuart, Essential Essays, Volume 1, 637 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

The bourgeoisie that led the development of capitalism were drawn from particular ethnic and cultural groups; the European proletariats and the mercenaries of the leading states from others; its peasants from still other cultures; and its slaves from entirely different worlds. The tendency of European civilization through capitalism was thus not to homogenize but to differentiate—to exaggerate regional, subcultural, and dialectical differences into “racial” ones. As the Slavs became the natural slaves, the racially inferior stock for domination and exploitation during the early Middle Ages, as the Tartars came to occupy a similar position in the Italian cities of the late Middle Ages, so at the systemic interlocking of capitalism in the sixteenth century, the peoples of the Third World began to fill this expanding category of a civilization reproduced by capitalism. — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 205 (#expands, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Race and class must be analyzed as articulated, not causally reduced; Race fractures the working classes internally in ways class alone cannot explain; Race is the lived medium through which class relations are experienced — Hall, Stuart, Essential Essays, Volume 1, 637 (+8 more)

Related

• Race is the lived medium through which class relations are experienced (similarity 0.93)
• Race fractures the working classes internally in ways class alone cannot explain (similarity 0.90)
• Race operates as an active structuring principle of present society, not a residue. (similarity 0.90)
• English racial order prevented workers from separating class universality from racial particularism (similarity 0.89)
• Racial difference can be constructed as antagonism within a single exploited class (similarity 0.87)
• Capitalism differentiated peoples into racial categories rather than homogenizing them (similarity 0.85)
• Race and class must be analyzed as articulated, not causally reduced (similarity 0.84)
• Capitalism emerged within feudalism rather than negating it, rooted in racialism. (similarity 0.84)
• Racialism was already routine in Europe by the close of the Middle Ages (similarity 0.83)
• Racism is not necessary to the functioning of all capitalisms. (similarity 0.83)
• Sectional race-based struggle itself is the site of capital’s continuing hegemony (similarity 0.83)
• Capitalist expansion pursued racial directions, not the rationalization Marx expected (similarity 0.83)
• Capitalism developed along essentially racial lines, not rational universalist ones (similarity 0.83)
• Race lacks a singular transhistorical essence and is not fully determined by economics (similarity 0.82)
• Racial ideology functions as a labor discipline for capital (similarity 0.82)

Broader Connections

• Race is the lived medium through which class relations are experienced #corroborates (0.95) — Hall, Stuart, Essential Essays, Volume 1, 637
• Capitalism differentiated peoples into racial categories rather than homogenizing them #expands (0.60) — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 205
• English racial order prevented workers from separating class universality from racial particularism #exemplifies (0.55)