Racism is not necessary to the functioning of all capitalisms.

Evidence

Racism is not present, in the same form or degree, in all capitalist formations: it is not necessary to the concrete functioning of all capitalisms. It needs to be shown how and why racism has been specifically overdetermined by and articulated with certain capitalisms at different stages of their development. Nor can it be assumed that this must take one, single form or follow one necessary path or logic, through a series of necessary stages. — Hall, Stuart, Essential Essays, Volume 1, 635

Categorization

• QUESTION: Worth chasing: under which specific conditions did racism become structurally advantageous, and when did it emerge as contingent rather than requiring a single developmental logic?
• XREF: Challenges economic-orthodox positions (both Marxist stagist and right-wing) that treat exploitation or racism as mechanically given; fits the reader’s goal of understanding Hall as a contribution to economic thought. — connects to: Racism is a hegemonic practice that is articulated with, not necessary to, capitalist formations; Ideological elements like racism and nationalism have no necessary class belonging; Racism is rooted in concrete material conditions, not ruling-class conspiracy or error (+8 more)
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Hall, Stuart, Essential Essays, Volume 1, 635

Broader Connections

• Capitalism differentiated peoples into racial categories rather than homogenizing them #qualifies (0.60) — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 205
• Capitalism conserving non-capitalist modes produces racial and colonial ideologies. #qualifies (0.60)
• Race operates as an active structuring principle of present society, not a residue. #complicates (0.55)
• Slavery was central to capitalism, not a mere primitive precondition #complicates (0.50)
• Capitalist expansion pursued racial directions, not the rationalization Marx expected #complicates (0.45)