Media coverage of Muslim violence superficially supports an Islam-violence link

Evidence

This discourse has been aided by the many images in the media of Muslims committing acts of violence or terrorism. The list of events is quite long and, on the surface, appears to reinforce the link between Islam and violence: the Iranian hostage crisis in 1979 to 1981, the first bombing of the World Trade Center in 1993, the 1998 embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania, the USS Cole bombing in 2000, the 9/11 attacks in 2001, the Madrid and London train bombings in 2004 and 2005, the shootings in Fort Hood, Texas, in 2009, and the beheading of Western journalists by ISIS in 2014. Moreover, when one moves beyond individual episodes and takes into account the ongoing violent conflicts involving Muslims in the Middle East, it seems that Muslims are guilty as charged. — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 282

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Mass media act as primary definers shaping public crime attitudes; Media framing constructs the reality audiences accept about Islam. — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 497; Western media frames Islam chiefly through terrorism and women’s oppression. — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 499 (+38 more)

Broader Connections

• Media and political elites may have an interest in promoting the Islam-violence stereotype. #corroborates (0.80)
• Media and state mutually reinforce Islam-violence associations for distinct functional reasons #expands (0.75)
• The media codes only certain groups’ violence as religiously motivated #expands (0.75) — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 198
• Muslim male violence is framed as an innate Islamic or racial impulse #expands (0.75)
• Media framing shapes American attitudes toward Islam and jihad #expands (0.70) — Asena Karipek, Portrayals of Jihad, 75
• Private media Islamophobia extends rather than deviates from state structural Islamophobia #expands (0.70) — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 375
• Environmental framing made Muslim violence seem causally inevitable #expands (0.70)
• Market incentives drive the media to reinforce rather than challenge religious explanations of terrorism #expands (0.70)
• Muslim-perpetrated attacks receive dramatically disproportionate news coverage #complicates (0.65) — Arsalan Iftikhar, Fear of a Muslim Planet_ Global…, 217
• Islamophobia operates as a marketable commodity across media forms #expands (0.60) — Peter Morey, Islamophobia and the Novel, 354