Media framing constructs the reality audiences accept about Islam.

Evidence

Crucial to any analysis of the media’s portrayal of Muslims and Islam, therefore, is an understanding of what scholars refer to as “framing.” The sociologist Michael Schudson summarizes media framing in this way: “Journalists normally work with materials that real people and real events provide. But by selecting, highlighting, framing, shading, and shaping in reportage, they create the impression that real people—readers and viewers—then take to be real and to which they respond in their lives.” The news media creates frames of interpretation through which we understand “reality,” but the reality in question is a construction that reflects the biases and ideologies of individual journalists and the media organizations that employ them. The reality created by the media, moreover, is often constructed to attract consumers and to keep a newspaper, news website, or television network in business. — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 497

Categorization

• DEFINE: Gives the operative definition of ‘framing’ — selection, highlighting, shading that constructs a reality audiences take as real.
• XREF: Connects to Stuart Hall’s encoding/decoding and to cultivation theory in media studies; also echoes the previous chapter’s concern with knowledge as construction. — connects to: Media convergence can constitute reality rather than merely representing it. — , The Braided Reading EPUB: 5-Year…, 19; The media’s attraction materially amplifies professional Islamophobes’ reach — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 493; Media framing shapes American attitudes toward Islam and jihad — Asena Karipek, Portrayals of Jihad: A Cause of…, 75 (+47 more)

Broader Connections

• Media framing shapes American attitudes toward Islam and jihad #expands (0.90) — Asena Karipek, Portrayals of Jihad, 75
• Western media frames Islam chiefly through terrorism and women’s oppression. #expands (0.85) — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 499
• Media coverage of Muslim violence superficially supports an Islam-violence link #exemplifies (0.70) — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 282
• Even sympathetic media coverage perpetuates the Muslim-equals-Arab conflation. #exemplifies (0.70) — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 458
• Media frames Muslim terrorists as religion-driven simpletons while psychologizing non-Muslim perpetrators #exemplifies (0.70) — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 506
• Market incentives drive the media to reinforce rather than challenge religious explanations of terrorism #expands (0.65)
• The false eighty-percent-mosque claim circulated unchallenged across mainstream media #exemplifies (0.65) — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 559
• Islamophobia operates as a marketable commodity across media forms #expands (0.60) — Peter Morey, Islamophobia and the Novel, 354
• Media and state mutually reinforce Islam-violence associations for distinct functional reasons #expands (0.60)
• Media and political elites may have an interest in promoting the Islam-violence stereotype. #expands (0.60)
• Islamophobic framing operates dialogically as call-and-response pressing writers to comply or contest #expands (0.60)
• Television uses token complexity to mask ongoing Muslim stereotyping #expands (0.60) — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 529
• Structural media economics favor religious explanations over complex political ones #expands (0.60)
• Rare positive portrayals of Muslims cannot offset the dominant dehumanizing narrative #expands (0.60)
• Private media Islamophobia extends rather than deviates from state structural Islamophobia #expands (0.55) — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 375