Justice requires addressing recognition and distribution as distinct yet linked injustices.

Evidence

Likewise, Nancy Fraser’s project has been focused on demonstrating that justice requires attention to both distribution and recognition; justice is, at least, ‘bivalent’ in this sense. Maldistribution and misrecognition are distinct, separate forms and experiences of injustice, though they are often linked in practice. Fraser argues that culture is a legitimate and necessary terrain of struggle—a sight of justice in its own right, yet also deeply tied to economic inequality (2000: 109). For Fraser, misrecognition is tied to institutional subordination and inequity; her focus is on both the structural nature of the construction of subordinate and disrespected identities and communities, and on the maldistribution experienced by these subjects. … Examining the context of oppression—rather than simply either existing distributions, better distributions, or ideal procedures to procure just distributions—is central to Fraser’s justice project. Whether, and how, individuals and communities are recognized is crucial. — David Schlosberg, Defining Environmental Justice, 65

Categorization

• DEFINE: Fraser’s bivalent definition: maldistribution and misrecognition are separate forms of injustice that commonly co-occur.
• XREF: The bivalent-distinction vocabulary maps cleanly onto established claims about distribution versus recognition in earlier chapters. — connects to: Treating goods as static obscures the social relations that produce unjust distributions. — David Schlosberg, Defining Environmental Justice:…, 62; Group misrecognition produces distributive injustice through social structures and institutions. — David Schlosberg, Defining Environmental Justice:…, 64; Justice requires participation parity alongside distribution and recognition. — David Schlosberg, Defining Environmental Justice:…, 66 (+9 more)

Broader Connections

• Justice requires both redistribution and recognition because collectivities are bivalent #corroborates (0.95) — David Schlosberg, Defining Environmental Justice, 104
• Injustice is experienced simultaneously across distribution, recognition, participation, and functioning. #expands (0.90) — David Schlosberg, Defining Environmental Justice, 264
• Recognition must be taken seriously alongside redistribution in any contemporary justice theory #corroborates (0.90) — David Schlosberg, Defining Environmental Justice, 79
• Justice is trivalent because participation depends on both distribution and recognition #expands (0.85) — David Schlosberg, Defining Environmental Justice, 120
• Justice theory extends beyond distribution to recognition, capability, and participation #expands (0.80) — David Schlosberg, Defining Environmental Justice, 33