Justice requires both redistribution and recognition because collectivities are bivalent

Evidence

Fraser argues that this split between ‘social’ justice and cultural politics—justice as equity and justice as recognition—represents a false dichotomy. Fraser insists that ‘[j]ustice today requires both redistribution and recognition’ (1997: 12). ‘Justice requires both, as neither is sufficient’ (1998: 5). Communities, or collectivities, are, in fact, bivalent—they are often differentiated as a collective by both economic structure and the status order of society. In this case, neither a politics of redistribution nor one solely of recognition will suffice to remedy injustice. ‘In general, then, one should roundly reject the construction of redistribution and recognition as mutually exclusive alternatives. The goal should be, rather, to develop a two-pronged approach that can address the twofold need for both’ (p. 23). — David Schlosberg, Defining Environmental Justice, 104

Categorization

• DEFINE: Establishes the bivalent-community concept: some groups are wronged simultaneously by economic distribution and status order, so single-frame remedies necessarily fail.
• XREF: Directly reusable tool for Legal Systems and Soundscape readings: e.g., noise regulation that only redistributes quiet while misrecognizing racialized minorities who bear the noise. — connects to: Recognition must be taken seriously alongside redistribution in any contemporary justice theory — David Schlosberg, Defining Environmental Justice:…, 79; Distribution and recognition each resist subsumption into the other’s frame — David Schlosberg, Defining Environmental Justice:…, 101; Recognition justice and distributional equity are not antithetical despite left academic complaints — David Schlosberg, Defining Environmental Justice:…, 103 (+4 more)

Broader Connections

• Justice is trivalent because participation depends on both distribution and recognition #expands (0.80) — David Schlosberg, Defining Environmental Justice, 120
• Justice comprises interlinked distribution, recognition, participation, and capability #expands (0.78) — David Schlosberg, Defining Environmental Justice, 53