Islamophobic meaning operates through three interlocking functions of phenomenon, sign, and consequence

Evidence

In this process, three separate functions appear to be in operation. Firstly, there is the process, or what might be more appropriately termed the ‘phenomenon’, that informs, shapes, perpetuates and sustains that meaning which exists and circulates in society. Secondly, the products, termed here as the signs, would seem to be the medium through which meaning is given form and subsequently made known. And finally, either a reaction to or consequence of the combinative function of the phenomenon and product would appear to sometimes occur, although not always readily identifiable. Interestingly, this three-fold theorisation reflects the preliminary positing of the EUMC Report’s conceptualisation of Islamophobia made earlier in this book, where three distinct components were identifiable. As the report stated, the hijab was the primary sign or product following 9/11, embodying meaning that identified those wearing hijab as Muslim and being of the same religion as the perpetrators of 9/11, thus feeding into and drawing upon that pool of meaning and knowledge pre-existent to 9/11 about Islam and Muslims – meanings that included interpreting Islam and Muslims as anti-Western and anti-feminist, incompatible and asymmetrically opposed to the ideas and values of the West, fixed as being distinctly Other and different – that was in turn also being supplemented and inflated by the meanings emerging from the volatile post-9/11 climate, thus resulting in Muslim women becoming the primary targets for retaliatory attack and abuse. — Chris Allen, Islamophobia, 752

Categorization

  • DEFINE: Lays out Allen’s three-part semiotic model of Islamophobia — the phenomenon (circulating meaning), the product (the sign), and the consequence (targeted abuse) — and ties it back to the EUMC report’s earlier three-component conceptualization.
  • XREF: The threefold phenomenon-sign-consequence structure maps onto earlier module frameworks: the reader’s Runnymede ‘constructive vs. destructive Islamophobia’ and the racialization turn all differ in how they weight the phenomenon vs. consequence stage; the hijab-as-sign example directly could be weighed against Halliday’s critique that anti-Muslimism should be preferred as the term. — connects to: Islamophobia’s ideological content is sustained by five distinct modes of operation — Chris Allen, Islamophobia, 902; Islamophobia operates through shared cultural meaning-making structures that predate any current event — Chris Allen, Islamophobia, 900; Islamophobia’s meaning is sustained through five named modes of operation. — Chris Allen, Islamophobia, 902 (+2 more)

Broader Connections