Islamophobia denotes fear, hatred, and hostility toward Muslims and Islam.
Evidence
These statistics point to the larger reality with which this book is concerned—Islamophobia. Islamophobia refers to the fear, hatred, and hostility toward Muslims and Islam. — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 31
The IS was developed because no instrument prior to its creation exclusively measured Islamophobia, which is defined as the fear of Muslims and the Islamic faith (Lee et al., 2009). A number of scales in the literature measure general attitudes toward Muslims, such as the Attitudes Toward Muslims scale (Altareb, 1998), the This article was published Online First April 15, 2013. — Sherman A. Lee, Chelsea A. Reid, Stephen D. Short, Jeffrey A. Gibbons, Ruth Yeh, and Matthew L. Campbell, Fear of Muslims, 10
Categorization
- DEFINE: The author’s working definition: fear, hatred, and hostility toward Muslims and Islam — the reader’s asked-for ‘single clearest definition.’
- XREF: Connects to reading on Islamophobia and Muslim identity, e.g. The Reluctant Fundamentalist (Hamid) and Home Boy (Naqvi), where fear and suspicion of Muslims is lived rather than measured. — connects to: Islamophobia is a largely unwarranted social anxiety about Islam and Muslims; Islamophobia is defined differently by scholars, spanning fear, media violence, racism, gender, and nationalism.; Muslims suffer hostility for perceived identity beyond any voluntary religious choice. — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 96 (+17 more)
- corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 31; Sherman A. Lee, Chelsea A. Reid, Stephen D. Short, Jeffrey A. Gibbons, Ruth Yeh, and Matthew L. Campbell, Fear of Muslims: Psychometric…, 10