Fear comprises distinct cognitive and reactive processes, which psychometric scales can separate

Evidence

The present study demonstrated that the IS is a reliable measure that is consistent across time (test–retest reliability) and among the items of each subscale (internal consistency reliability). The studies also demonstrated that the IS captures two related but distinct facets of Islamophobia, which is consistent with the notion that fear is composed of cognitive as well as reactive processes (Öhman & Wiens, 2004). — Sherman A. Lee, Chelsea A. Reid, Stephen D. Short, Jeffrey A. Gibbons, Ruth Yeh, and Matthew L. Campbell, Fear of Muslims, 158

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to dual-process models of emotion (LeDoux’s low-road fear pathway, appraisal theories like Lazarus).
• DEFINE: Clarifies that ‘fear of Muslims’ is not monolithic but has separable cognitive appraisal and reactive components.