Different intergroup threats trigger distinct emotions and behavioral responses.

Evidence

Neuberg and Cottrell (2002) examined issues of intergroup threat in their biocultural model of intergroup emotions. Whereas other intergroup threat theories focus mainly on the causes of threat, Neuberg and Cottrell’s model elaborates on our reactions to threat. They theorized that for adaptive reasons, different intergroup threats lead to different emotional responses, which then lead to different attitudinal and behavioral outcomes. Although different threats are expected to result in specific emotions, Neuberg and Cottrell suggested that anger will also accompany the majority of intergroup threats. — Blake M. Riek, Eric W. Mania, and Samuel L. Gaertner, Intergroup Threat and Outgroup Attitudes, 66

Additionally, the overreliance on self-report measures neglects potential behavioral responses to intergroup threat. Although all of the threats may result in negative outgroup attitudes, different threats may lead to different behavioral outcomes. For example, anxiety may cause avoidance, whereas realistic threat may lead to aggressive retaliation. … Unfortunately, most intergroup threat research has ignored the relationships between different threats, different emotions, and different behavioral reactions. — Blake M. Riek, Eric W. Mania, and Samuel L. Gaertner, Intergroup Threat and Outgroup Attitudes, 138

Categorization

• XREF: Aligns with appraisal/affect theories of prejudice that MOC’s threat chapter will lean on; sketchy empirics here suggest a follow-up check on Neuberg & Cottrell’s emotion-to-bias mapping. — connects to: Group threats divide into resource-based and integrity-based categories — Blake M. Riek, Eric W. Mania, and Samuel L. Gaertner, Intergroup Threat and Outgroup…, 67; Group threats act through intergroup emotions to reach outgroup attitudes. — Blake M. Riek, Eric W. Mania, and Samuel L. Gaertner, Intergroup Threat and Outgroup…, 149; Experimentally measured discrimination against Muslims tracks emotional threat, not expected behavior — Erik Bleich, What Is Islamophobia and How Much Is…, 53 (+4 more)
• SEED: An essay angle on why threat-type matters: if realistic threat drives aggression while anxiety drives avoidance, then conflating threats obscures which ‘internal enemy’ framings actually provoke identity-assertive hostility.
• corroborated: 3 independent passages support this claim — Blake M. Riek, Eric W. Mania, and Samuel L. Gaertner, Intergroup Threat and Outgroup…, 66; Blake M. Riek, Eric W. Mania, and Samuel L. Gaertner, Intergroup Threat and Outgroup…, 138
• recurring: this claim recurs 2 times within its source