Western anti-Muslim writing from 1400 to 1900 recycled medieval images

Evidence

Not that these variations are not in themselves worth studying: the arsenal of polemical images were reused in different ways and with different purposes in the varying contexts of Iberian colonization of Africa and America, expulsion of Muslims and Moriscos from the Iberian Peninsula, attempts to rally European opinion against the “Turk,” European wars of religion—and straight through to the colonial program derided by Said. From the fourteenth century to the twentieth, Western authors writing about Muslims, Arabs, Turks, or Orientals, referred to the fundamental texts and images created from the seventh century to the thirteenth. — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 63

Categorization

• XREF: Claims direct textual continuity from medieval polemic into the colonial program Said derided — the exact bridge the vault’s Anidjar/Aziz/Razack claims assert but rarely document.
• SEED: A demonstrable example: Luther printing a twelfth-century Koran translation as his anti-Turk weapon is a crisp case study that modern Islamophobia is recycled medieval polemic, not fresh invention.