An acknowledged Muslim or Islamic element is the defining criterion of Islamophobia

Evidence

If Islamophobia therefore exists, it must be necessary for that ‘certain identifiable phenomenon’ to have an acknowledged ‘Muslim’ or ‘Islamic’ element, albeit one that might be either explicit or implicit, overtly expressed or covertly implied, even just merely nuanced where ‘Muslim’ or ‘Islamic’ might be understood or framed in such ways that ‘Muslim’ or ‘Islamic’ might be made known through meanings that are ‘theological’, ‘social’, ‘cultural’, ‘racial’ and so on, never necessarily even specifically naming or mentioning either ‘Muslims’ or ‘Islam’ but providing enough nuanced meaning to clearly suggests such. It must therefore be this ‘Islamic’ or ‘Muslim’ element that solely codifies what may and may not legitimately be defined and conceptualised as being Islamophobia, irrespective of the subsequent overlap or interaction with other similar phenomena. — Chris Allen, Islamophobia, 776

Categorization

  • DEFINE: Sets out Allen’s central definitional criterion: the explicit or implicit Muslim/Islamic element is what uniquely codifies Islamophobia, distinguishing it from the 2017 Runnymede racialization turn and Bleich’s neutral concept-formation.
  • QUESTION: Does Allen’s ‘solely this Islamic element’ criterion end up clashing with Erik Bleich’s more measurable attitude-based definition? Worth probing in the final chapter.
  • XREF: connects to: Islamophobic presumption attaches to anyone perceived as Muslim, regardless of belief or practice. — A. Hussain, N. Meer, Framing Muslim Integration, 473; Islamophobia centers on recognition of Muslim-ness and its ideological meaning — Chris Allen, Islamophobia, 574; Efforts to define Islam are what define understanding of Islamophobia — Chris Allen, Islamophobia, 415 (+4 more)

Broader Connections