Medieval theological justification for opposing Muslims has faded in Europe.

Evidence

It is true that important differences exist between the ways that Muslims were conceived of as the enemy in the Middle Ages and how this takes place today. Certainly, the Christian theological justification for opposing Muslims prevalent in the Middle Ages no longer holds in modern Europe, which is not surprising given the secularization and decline in Christianity’s influence that has swept the continent. We are not seeing battles in Europe to eradicate Muslim heretics in order to preserve and defend the ultimate truth of Christianity. — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 88

Categorization

• XREF: Directly speaks to the reader’s question about the hinge from theological feud to modern race-thinking — here the author marks secularization as the shift vector. — connects to: Reformation polemics redeployed medieval constructs of Islam unchanged — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 157; Western attitudes to Islam have shifted across history rather than forming a constant clash.; Western hostility to Islam shifted from theological to political rationales across the centuries — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 106 (+5 more)

Broader Connections

• Western hostility to Islam shifted from theological to political rationales across the centuries #expands (0.80) — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 106
• Western attitudes to Islam have shifted across history rather than forming a constant clash. #expands (0.70)
• Anti-Muslim rhetoric was founded in the Middle Ages and persists into today #contradicts (0.70)
• Reformation polemics redeployed medieval constructs of Islam unchanged #qualifies (0.60) — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 157
• Islam became the convenient enemy to mobilize Europe’s territorial ambitions #expands (0.50) — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 60
• Historical memory of the Crusades drives Europeans’ anti-Muslim votes and stares #complicates (0.40)