Sonia Roccas and Yechiel Klar and Ido Liviatan — The Paradox of Group-Based Guilt: Modes of National Identification, Conflict Vehemence, and Reactions to the In-Group’s Moral Violations

38 published claims from this book.

• A 1956 Israeli border patrol massacred 43 Arab villagers under a curfew order
• Attachment and glorification are distinct facets of national identification.
• Attachment and glorification form two distinct latent factors
• Attachment and glorification positively correlate as shared group identification.
• Attachment can be experimentally induced toward an ideal rather than actual group
• Attachment items express love and commitment while glorification items assert superiority and leader deference
• Attachment makes individuals vulnerable to guilt over in-group misdeeds.
• Attachment only predicts in-group guilt once glorification is statistically removed.
• Attachment to country is one component of national identification
• Attachment to the in-group and glorification predict opposite reactions to one’s group’s moral violations.
• Attachment to the in-group predicts guilt while glorification predicts defensiveness
• Conflict both demands belief in in-group morality and creates urgent need to question it
• Conflict escalation alters even retrospective moral judgments of past in-group harms.
• Conflict escalation lowers group-based guilt and raises exonerating cognitions over time.
• Controlling for glorification reveals attachment’s true link to group guilt.
• Critical attachment primes stronger group-based guilt than conventional attachment.
• Critical attachment produces guilt through refusing to exonerate the group
• Distinguishing identification dimensions improves prediction of intergroup outcomes
• Escalating conflict reduces in-group acknowledgment of past wrongdoings
• Escalating Israeli-Palestinian conflict did not alter how identification modes predict group guilt
• Focusing on the ideal rather than actual image of a nation reduces glorification
• Framing attachment around ideals rather than current traits raises group-based guilt.
• Glorification and attachment separately predict reactions to national misdeeds
• Glorification enables moral disengagement while attachment resists in-group wrongdoing justification.
• Glorification means national in-group superiority and deference to its symbols and rules.
• Glorification predicts defensive denial of the in-group’s moral violations.
• Glorification predicts exonerating cognitions that blunt group-based guilt.
• Glorification’s correlation to attachment suppresses attachment’s observable effects.
• Group identification can both enable and block feelings of group-based guilt
• Group identification can simultaneously raise and lower group-based guilt.
• Groups respond in real time to current rather than historical in-group wrongdoings
• Moral disengagement from in-group wrongdoing can be countered through awareness-raising communications.
• Moral disengagement mechanisms enable justification of in-group harm.
• National attachment and glorification are independent modes of identification.
• Participants judged in-group wrongs they had no personal role in
• Perceived in-group moral violations trigger defensive cognitive distortions.
• Priming critical versus conventional attachment primes categorically distinct group attributes.
• Studies conflict on whether high identification predicts more or less guilt