The 1997 Runnymede definition fused hostility to Islam with discrimination against Muslims

Evidence

The landmark 1997 Runnymede report Islamophobia: A Challenge for Us All defines Islamophobia as ‘unfounded hostility towards Islam’. It continues, ‘It also refers to the practical consequences of such hostility in unfair discrimination against Muslim individuals and communities, and to the exclusion of Muslims from mainstream political and social affairs’ (Runnymede Trust 1997: 4). … Of the eight definitional distinctions between ‘open’ and ‘closed’ views that define Islamophobia, there is an equal balance between ‘Islam’ and ‘Muslims’, and Islamophobia and anti-Muslim prejudice are used interchangeably throughout, linking ideology and people, thought and deed, in important ways (Runnymede Trust 1997: 4). — Runnymede Trust (ed. Farah Elahi & Omar Khan), Islamophobia, 158

Categorization

• DEFINE: Precise account of the original Runnymede definition and its open/closed framework — the baseline against which all rival positions diverge.
• XREF: This is the origin of the reader’s central debate: the 1997 definition, later criticized by Bleich and Halliday for conflating ideology with people. — connects to: Runnymede defines Islamophobia as closed views of Islam — Runnymede Trust, Islamophobia: A Challenge for Us All, 24; The Runnymede Trust defines Islamophobia as a form of racism against Muslims — A. Hussain, N. Meer, Framing Muslim Integration, 53; Runnymede’s 1997 Islamophobia framework is a liberal construct defining harm as unfounded hostility — A. Hussain, N. Meer, Framing Muslim Integration, 715 (+8 more)

Related

• Runnymede defines Islamophobia as closed views of Islam (similarity 0.94)
• The 1997 Runnymede report defined Islamophobia as faith-based discrimination beyond ethnicity (similarity 0.94)
• The Runnymede report defines Islamophobia inconsistently across sentiment, prejudice, and discrimination. (similarity 0.93)
• Runnymede’s 1997 Islamophobia framework is a liberal construct defining harm as unfounded hostility (similarity 0.93)
• The Runnymede definition conflates Islamophobia’s effects with its core (similarity 0.93)
• The Runnymede report classed Islamophobia as racism without defining it as racism (similarity 0.93)
• The Runnymede Trust defines Islamophobia as a form of racism against Muslims (similarity 0.93)
• The Runnymede Report redefined Islamophobia around closed views of Islam (similarity 0.93)
• Runnymede’s 1997 definition founded but did not fix the field’s usage (similarity 0.92)
• Runnymede redirects the term’s focus toward discrimination and exclusion (similarity 0.92)
• The Runnymede report introduced Islamophobia as marking Muslim-specific experience beyond shared discrimination. (similarity 0.92)
• The 1997 Runnymede Commission already distinguished open from closed views of Islam. (similarity 0.92)
• The Runnymede model so dominated Islamophobia discourse that it escaped critical scrutiny (similarity 0.91)
• The Runnymede Report’s definition of Islamophobia shifted and changed within its own pages. (similarity 0.90)
• The Runnymede Report’s definition shifted within its own pages toward closed views (similarity 0.90)

Broader Connections

• The 1997 Runnymede report defined Islamophobia as faith-based discrimination beyond ethnicity #corroborates (0.85) — Runnymede Trust (ed. Farah Elahi & Omar Khan), Islamophobia, 185
• Runnymede’s 1997 definition founded but did not fix the field’s usage #expands (0.80) — Chris Allen, Islamophobia, 80