Slavery, lynching, and segregation each institutionalized a distinct form of racism

Evidence

I have introduced three abolition campaigns that were eventually more or less successful to make the point that social circumstances transform and popular attitudes shift, in part in response to organized social movements. But I have also evoked these historical campaigns because they all targeted some expression of racism. U.S. chattel slavery was a system of forced labor that relied on racist ideas and beliefs to justify the relegation of people of African descent to the legal status of property. Lynching was an extralegal institution that surrendered thousands of African-American lives to the violence of ruthless racist mobs. Under segregation, black people were legally declared second-class citizens, for whom voting, job, education, and housing rights were drastically curtailed, if they were available at all. — Davis, Angela Y, Are Prisons Obsolete, 59

Categorization

• XREF: Sets up the categorization of prison racism that follows; Davis’s taxonomy of racist institutions. — connects to: Racial segmentation is economically reproduced through unfree labor institutions like reserves and compounds; Analysis must treat racisms in their historical specificity, not as one universal form — Hall, Stuart, Essential Essays, Volume 1, 632; Racism functions as practices that ascribe and legitimate social positions (+10 more)

Related

• White supremacy survived slavery by re-inscribing itself in new institutions (similarity 0.81)
• Racism functions as practices that ascribe and legitimate social positions (similarity 0.81)
• The stability of the surrounding world made the excluded appear as unfortunate exceptions (similarity 0.80)
• Racism gets reorganized by each mode of production rather than being constant (similarity 0.80)
• Institutions once deemed inevitable became unthinkable through political struggle (similarity 0.80)
• The prison system is racism’s most reliable institutional refuge. (similarity 0.79)
• Distinguishing among racisms is utopian and politically evasive. (similarity 0.79)
• Prison racism operates clandestinely and extends beyond black-white binaries (similarity 0.79)
• Over 4,400 verified lynchings of African Americans occurred between 1877 and 1950 (similarity 0.78)
• Racism operates as a changing process rather than a fixed project (similarity 0.78)
• Lynching’s function of stripping citizenship spanned land grabs and riots (similarity 0.78)

Broader Connections

• Racism has no universal structure but only historically specific forms #corroborates (0.70)
• Racism exists as a variable spectrum, not a single invariant form #corroborates (0.60)
• European racialism has four analytically distinct historical moments #corroborates (0.45) — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 385