American chattel slavery was uniquely heritable, permanent, and race-based

Evidence

At the time, one-fifth of the population within the thirteen colonies struggled under a brutal system of racial slavery that through the decades would be transformed into an institution unlike anything that had existed in the world before. Chattel slavery was not conditional but racial. It was heritable and permanent, not temporary, meaning generations of Black people were born into it and passed their enslaved status on to their children. — Nikole Hannah-Jones et al., The 1619 Project, 89

Categorization

• DEFINE: Precisely defines ‘chattel slavery’ by contrast with conditional/temporary servitude — a load-bearing distinction for distinguishing the reframing thesis from generic slavery claims, since critics often attack the uniqueness claim.
• XREF: connects to: Bipolar racial caste was uniquely American, unlike Caribbean slavery — Noel Ignatiev, How the Irish Became White, 361; Traditional African slavery was often time-limited and permitted full social integration — Rebecca A. Martusewicz, Jeff Edmundson, and John Lupinacci, EcoJustice Education: Toward Diverse,…, 1133; Skin color alone marked chattel slaves regardless of other social position — Rebecca A. Martusewicz, Jeff Edmundson, and John Lupinacci, EcoJustice Education: Toward Diverse,…, 1134