Religion operates as a fluid category that racializes groups

Evidence

But race is not the only category of difference that contributes to social hierarchies. Religion is also an unstable and fluid differentiating category insofar as it interacts with race to affect “other” certain groups and in turn justify their subordinate status and unequal treatment. — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim, 1067

Categorization

• DEFINE: The core thesis: religion racializes groups, interacting with race to justify subordination.
• XREF: connects to: Race was co-constituted with religion in European history. — Nasar Meer, Racialization and Religion: Race,…, 31; Culture served as a racializing mode that displaced politics onto religion — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 256; Violence legitimated by religious claims is a racialized governing technology. — Nadim N. Rouhana and Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, When Politics Are Sacralized:…, 137 (+1 more)