Race and class are interdependent formations, each lived through the other

Evidence

That comes out of the work on Policing the Crisis in the 1970s, and it was a way of rethinking what in the 1950s would have been seen as two quite separate things: race and class. Would I say it now? Well, I would also want to remind people that class is the way in which race is lived. Once you get into globalization and the working classes, people earning one dollar a day in Calcutta, class is lived through race and race is lived through class. So they’re two interdependent, not exactly the same. The mistake earlier was to try to collapse them together. — Stuart Hall, Essential Essays, Volume 2, 1113

That’s why I said, today, class is lived through the modality of race in the same way that race is lived through the modality of class. — Stuart Hall, Essential Essays, Volume 2, 1137

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines the race/class relation as conjuncturally articulated rather than collapsible — class is the way race is lived and vice versa.
• XREF: Directly foundational for the reader’s Islamophobia toolkit: racialization as class-lived and class as race-lived bears on how Islamophobia intersects with class formation. — connects to: Members’ class and racial identities shape how communities do commoning. — Yael Arbell, The Circle of Commoning:…, 57; Racism is lived through class, place, age and gender, not race alone. — Luke de Noronha, The conviviality of the overpoliced,…, 50; Said subordinated class and gender analysis to race in his later theorizing (+7 more)
• SEED: The ‘class is the way in which race is lived’ formulation could anchor an essay on how anti-Muslim racism is refracted through class and labor positioning.
• DEEPTHINKING: A paradigm-compressing formulation: neither race nor class is a separate axis but each is experienced through the other — resistive to paraphrase, central to any conjunctural analysis of racialized exclusion.
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Stuart Hall, Essential Essays, Volume 2: Identity…, 1113; Stuart Hall, Essential Essays, Volume 2: Identity…, 1137