Race and class must be articulated analytically, reduced to neither essence nor epiphenomenon.

Evidence

In “Race, Articulation, and Societies Structured in Dominance,” Stuart outlines the logic of how the theoretical developments first outlined in his critique of classical Marxism can also be applied to the study of what he calls here “racially structured social formations.” He takes the analyses of the “test-case” situation of apartheid-era South Africa produced by Harold Wolpe and John Rex as a key point of reference, interrogating them for what lessons they can offer us in developing an analysis that would be capable of articulating questions of race and class without reducing either to an essentialist or epiphenomenal status. — Stuart Hall, Essential Essays, Volume 2, 34

Categorization

• DEFINE: Introduces ‘articulation’ as the key non-reductive method: linking race and class without subsuming either.
• XREF: The articulation concept, later developed in Hall’s ‘On Postmodernism and Articulation,’ carries directly into Islamophobia analysis of how racism and class intersect.