Proximal war experience fosters critical knowledge that increases in-group accountability.

Evidence

More generally, in communities where warfare has actually taken place, where people could themselves witness conflict events and/or communicate about them with other group members, they are more likely to learn about concrete abuses, even when these are excluded from politicized societal narratives, for example, because they have been perpetrated by in-group members. … First, communal experiences of victimization are an important source of critical knowledge about the conflict. Second, systematic events of violence and human rights violations generate a climate of moral uncertainty that poses a threat to social cohesion. Third, such a volatile and psychologically challenging social environment creates specific motivations to contribute to the restoration of the normal functioning of the community by addressing the problem of in-group accountability. — Sandra Penic, Guy Elcheroth, and Dario Spini, When Is Collective Exposure to War…, 26

Categorization

• DEFINE: Lays out the three assumptions of the collective vulnerability approach (Elcheroth and Spini).
• XREF: Connects to the broader ‘moral injury’ and collective trauma literature and directly to this paper’s thesis about communal vs societally-mediated exposure. — connects to: Escalating conflict reduces in-group acknowledgment of past wrongdoings — Sonia Roccas and Yechiel Klar and Ido Liviatan, The Paradox of Group-Based Guilt: Modes…, 130; Conflict escalation lowers group-based guilt and raises exonerating cognitions over time. — Sonia Roccas and Yechiel Klar and Ido Liviatan, The Paradox of Group-Based Guilt: Modes…, 87; Accountability is responsive behavior, not merely answering to superiors (+2 more)

Broader Connections

• Conflict escalation lowers group-based guilt and raises exonerating cognitions over time. #complicates (0.86) — Sonia Roccas and Yechiel Klar and Ido Liviatan, The Paradox of Group-Based Guilt, 87
• Escalating conflict reduces in-group acknowledgment of past wrongdoings #complicates (0.85) — Sonia Roccas and Yechiel Klar and Ido Liviatan, The Paradox of Group-Based Guilt, 130
• Conflict escalation alters even retrospective moral judgments of past in-group harms. #complicates (0.82) — Sonia Roccas and Yechiel Klar and Ido Liviatan, The Paradox of Group-Based Guilt, 86
• Acknowledging in-group responsibility for past atrocities increases infrahumanization of the victim group #complicates (0.78) — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 2108
• Accountability is responsive behavior, not merely answering to superiors #expands (0.72)