Outsider racialization failed to overcome an internal lack of self-identification as a group.

Evidence

The Appeals Tribunal acknowledged the racialization of Muslims following the War on Terror, noting that they had been ‘treated as a “single community” which is regarded as “suspect” as potential terrorists or sympathisers of terrorism’ and ‘are grouped together based upon their practices and looks’ (para 100). … However, the Tribunal found that there was no objective evidence that Australian Muslims ‘regard themselves as being a distinct community irrespective of their different ethnic origins, religious traditions (conservative or liberal, Sunni or Shia), place of birth or how long they have lived in Australia’. (para 101) Consequently, the Appeals Tribunal found that Muslims were not a race for the purpose of discrimination law. — Mareike Riedel, Islamophobia, Racial Discrimination…, 55

Categorization

• BMF: The paradox that recognition by outsiders as a uniform suspect group carries no legal weight absent internal self-identification echoes the outsider-vs-inward-identity tension that runs through Mohsin Hamid’s The Reluctant Fundamentalist, where Changez is racialized as a unified ‘terrorist’ type by Americans yet never self-identifies within that category.
• XREF: connects to: Black racial identity is externally imposed before it is self-chosen — Eddie S. Glaude Jr., Democracy in Black: How Race Still…, 340; Racial subjection is never complete because imposed identity provokes internal redefinition — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1681; Racial identity arises as a negative product of oppression (+1 more)

Broader Connections

• Racial identity arises as a negative product of oppression #expands (0.78)
• Racial subjection is never complete because imposed identity provokes internal redefinition #complicates (0.75) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1681
• Lacking shared identity, group members refuse to delegate and trust others to act #qualifies (0.74) — Stephen Reicher, S. Alexander Haslam, and Nick Hopkins, Social identity and the dynamics of…, 57
• Black racial identity is externally imposed before it is self-chosen #corroborates (0.72) — Eddie S. Glaude Jr., Democracy in Black, 340