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Ottomans were seen as a political threat rather than a religious one

Ottomans were seen as a political threat rather than a religious one

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tags	ja-picks, factual_claims, trade, singleton, xref, category/factual-claims
aliases	@kumar_islamophobia_2012, loc. 76

Sep 20, 20261 min read

Ottomans were seen as a political threat rather than a religious one

Evidence

However, this time the enemy was viewed in secular terms and seen as a political rather than a religious threat (even though the term “Turk” became synonymous with Muslim). — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 76

Categorization

XREF: connects to: Religious framing could not motivate Egyptian troops fighting the Ottoman sultan in Syria; European terror prior to 2004 came mainly from nationalist rather than religious movements — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 388; The term ‘Turk’ replaced ‘Saracen’ and carried ethnic, political, and religious meaning — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 144 (+20 more)

Broader Connections

The image of Muslims shifted with military threat, not with religion per se #corroborates (0.80) — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 95

Ottomans were seen as a political threat rather than a religious one
Evidence
Categorization
Broader Connections

Backlinks

British Islamophobia intensified only when Muslims ceased to be a safely declining power
Early America defined its republican identity against imagined Ottoman despotism
Empire served as a dumping ground for Europe's undesirables and repressed desires
European terror prior to 2004 came mainly from nationalist rather than religious movements
Europeans once considered the Ottomans ethnically European
Gennadios was a staunch anti-unionist and saw the Pope as a far worse alternative to the Sultan. Gennadios saw the best hopes of Orthodox continuity as under the rule of the Ottoman state. He…
In Mahdist Sudan the label Turk carried no precise ethnic meaning
Islam became the convenient enemy to mobilize Europe's territorial ambitions
Islam's demonization varied with its military threat to Christendom
Joseph Bryennius, a Byzantine theologian said, 'Let no one be deceived by delusive hopes that the Italian allied troops will sooner or later come to us. But if they do pretend to rise to defend…
Nineteenth-century Anglo-American observers feared a globally unified Islam centered on the Ottoman caliph
Orientalists reframed Islam as a political system rather than a religion.
Orthodox Christians preferred Ottoman rule because it shielded them from Latin interference.
Orthodox authorities perceived an invasion by the Latins as worse, for they would not afford them autonomy which might be hoped under Muslims. The land might remain under Christian rule, but the…
Orthodox clergy preferred Ottoman rule over Latin rule during the fall of Constantinople.
Orthodox clergy's depiction of Ottomans conflated religious and ethnic identity.
Ottoman decline opened non-hostile European study of Islam
Religious framing could not motivate Egyptian troops fighting the Ottoman sultan in Syria
Some Byzantine laity preferred Latin Christian rule over Ottoman Muslim rule.
The Ottoman conquest of 1453 birthed the Turk as a new Muslim monster archetype
The fear of Islam intensified amid Ottoman decline and colonial expansion
The term 'Turk' replaced 'Saracen' and carried ethnic, political, and religious meaning
The term Turk shifted from denoting ethnicity to denoting any ruling authority in Sudan.
Theologians' claims mislead text-driven scholars about actual religion-politics separation
Deepa Kumar — Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire
Deepa Kumar — Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire