The term Turk shifted from denoting ethnicity to denoting any ruling authority in Sudan.

Evidence

The preoccupation with the rapid advancement of the Ottoman Empire in this period makes it understandable why medieval references to Muslims as “Saracens” or “Ishmaelites” gave way to the almost ubiquitous designation of “Turks.” Christian authors frequently invoked the problem of “the Turkish threat” in order to rally support for crusades or wars against the Ottomans, but, as we shall see, the designation of “Turk” also functioned to denigrate one’s opponents in other Christian communities. The term, like its medieval predecessors, had ethnic, political, and religious dimensions. — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 144 (#qualifies, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Egyptian attitudes about Sudan derived from Ottoman and older Islamic cultures — Eve M. Troutt Powell, A Different Shade of Colonialism_…, 107; Egypt’s colonial rule over Sudan was known to Sudanese as the Turkïya; Arabic-speaking Egyptians were considered Turks in the Sudan context (+3 more)

Related

• In Mahdist Sudan the label Turk carried no precise ethnic meaning (similarity 0.96)
• The term ‘Turk’ replaced ‘Saracen’ and carried ethnic, political, and religious meaning (similarity 0.90)
• The term Turk lost precise ethnic meaning and later labeled Anglo-Egyptian rulers (similarity 0.87)
• Sudanese labeled any uniformed authority figure a Turk regardless of ethnicity (similarity 0.85)
• Arabic-speaking Egyptians were considered Turks in the Sudan context (similarity 0.84)
• Egypt’s colonial rule over Sudan was known to Sudanese as the Turkïya (similarity 0.84)
• Sudanese called all colonial administrators Turks regardless of nationality (similarity 0.82)
• Ottomans were seen as a political threat rather than a religious one (similarity 0.81)
• Sudanese labeled Egyptian soldiers as Turks, stinging Egyptian national pride (similarity 0.81)
• Sudan’s pre-independence conquest by Egypt was Turkish in identity, not Arabic-Egyptian (similarity 0.80)
• Sudanese referred to all government authorities as Turks regardless of ethnicity (similarity 0.80)
• The Sudan saw even Arabic-speaking Egyptians as foreign Turks. (similarity 0.79)
• Shared language and religion did not protect Egyptians from degradation in Mahdist Sudan (similarity 0.79)

Broader Connections

• In Mahdist Sudan the label Turk carried no precise ethnic meaning #corroborates (0.85)
• The term ‘Turk’ replaced ‘Saracen’ and carried ethnic, political, and religious meaning #qualifies (0.60) — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 144