Natural freedom means acting within natural law without another’s permission

Evidence

TO understand political power right, and derive it from its original, we must consider, what state all men are naturally in, and that is, a state of perfect freedom to order their actions, and dispose of their possessions and persons, as they think fit, within the bounds of the law of nature, without asking leave, or depending upon the will of any other man. — , Second Treatise of Government, 13

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines the state of nature as ordered liberty bounded by natural law, not license — the load-bearing distinction for everything that follows.
• XREF: Sets up the liberty/licence split made explicit in Sect. 6; connects to later arguments that freedom is not exempt from reason’s rule. — connects to: Freedom requires material independence from another’s arbitrary will — Philip Pettit, Republicanism: A Theory of Freedom and…, 173; Law can be non-arbitrary and freedom-preserving rather than inherently dominating — Philip Pettit, Republicanism: A Theory of Freedom and…, 335; Law that is non-arbitrary does not make citizens unfree — Philip Pettit, Republicanism: A Theory of Freedom and…, 66 (+5 more)

Broader Connections

• Freedom requires material independence from another’s arbitrary will #corroborates (1.00) — Philip Pettit, Republicanism, 173
• Law can be non-arbitrary and freedom-preserving rather than inherently dominating #corroborates (1.00) — Philip Pettit, Republicanism, 335
• Others constitute the situation that gives individual freedom its concrete content #expands (0.90) — Christine Daigle, Jacob Golomb (eds.), Beauvoir and Sartre, 453
• Others’ freedom is the condition of, not a limit on, my own freedom #expands (0.90) — Simone de Beauvoir, The Ethics of Ambiguity, 91
• Law that is non-arbitrary does not make citizens unfree #corroborates (0.85) — Philip Pettit, Republicanism, 66
• Laws protecting dissenters from official retaliation create genuine personal freedom #expands (0.85)
• Judicial independence means freedom from improper external pressures. #expands (0.85) — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 374
• The legal form of subjective rights fits private liberties but not political obligations #qualifies (0.85) — Jürgen Habermas, A New Structural Transformation of the…, 87