Muslim lives are less grievable than American ones in public memory

Evidence

See Jack G. Shaheen, The TV Arab (Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Press, 1984), for an analysis of damaging representations of Arabs, Muslims, and Middle Easterners on television and film through 1984. For a more recent study by Shaheen, see Reel Bad Arabs: How Hollywood Vilifies a People (Northampton, MA: Olive Branch Press, 2014). — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 674 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Although Muslim Americans are bona fide citizens, their religious identity induces scrutiny of their citizenship status, patriotism, and belonging. This scrutiny is strongest after national crises, and specifically in the direct aftermath of a terror attack committed by a Muslim culprit. As constitutional law scholar Kenneth Karst writes, “In times of trouble … fears tend to focus on particular groups of cultural outsiders as a source of danger.” This is particularly true for Muslim Americans, whose religious affiliation can negate any legal or material claim to Americanness and hold them out to be threatening interlopers. — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 340 (#expands, via linked claim)

Categorization

• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim
• XREF: connects to: Muslims in the United States endure discrimination in their everyday lives — Evelyn Alsultany, Antisemitism and Islamophobia The…, 32; Muslim citizenship in America is negated by religious identity after crises — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 340; Muslim Americans hold nominal but reduced substantive citizenship — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 1344 (+6 more)

Related

• Arab and Muslim representation in American film has been persistently vilifying (similarity 0.86)
• Muslim Americans appeared only as hypothetical threat in 1789, not as real persons (similarity 0.85)
• Muslims in the United States endure discrimination in their everyday lives (similarity 0.84)
• Muslim citizenship in America is negated by religious identity after crises (similarity 0.83)
• Rare positive portrayals of Muslims cannot offset the dominant dehumanizing narrative (similarity 0.83)
• Among American Muslims who said it has become more difficult to be a Muslim in the U.S. in recent years, the second most-answered reason for this was negative media portrayals. (similarity 0.83)
• Anti-Muslim crisis periods simultaneously empower and marginalize Arab American communities (similarity 0.81)
• Representations of jihad in American film and television are also very relevant to how Americans view jihad and Islam. (similarity 0.81)
• More than 1,150 American films have defamed Muslims and Arabs. (similarity 0.81)
• There are also traces of terrorism in American film, going back as far as 1926 with Old Ironsides. Jack Shaheen, an expert on the portrayal of Muslims and Arabs in Hollywood films, claimed that… (similarity 0.80)
• Hollywood has produced over 1,150 films maligning Muslims and Arabs since 1896 (similarity 0.80)
• Large minorities of Americans hold unfavorable views of Islam and Muslims (similarity 0.80)
• American media conflated Iranians, Arabs, Sunnis, and Shiites into one Muslim menace. (similarity 0.79)
• American tolerance of Muslims conditioned on their political quiescence and departure. (similarity 0.79)
• Muslim America’s narrative is rooted in blackness, not Arab identity (similarity 0.79)

Broader Connections

• Arab and Muslim representation in American film has been persistently vilifying #corroborates (0.65) — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 674
• Muslim citizenship in America is negated by religious identity after crises #expands (0.60) — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 340
• Rare positive portrayals of Muslims cannot offset the dominant dehumanizing narrative #corroborates (0.60)
• Muslim Americans hold nominal but reduced substantive citizenship #expands (0.55) — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 1344
• American tolerance of Muslims conditioned on their political quiescence and departure. #expands (0.55)
• Muslims in the United States endure discrimination in their everyday lives #expands (0.50) — Evelyn Alsultany, Antisemitism and Islamophobia The…, 32